The Academic Writting Process free essay sample

A well written essay involves more than just a pen and paper to get you started, you need a writing process. Though what you are writing about or to may change the structure there is a process you can follow to write a good essay. The most important step would be to identify your audience, know who will be reading your paper and start planning it to cater to them. After you identify your audience, the next step seems fairly simple but can be the hardest; writing the essay. After you write the essay it will most likely be a little crude, so it is important to read over your paper again and fine tuning your message out of it. In fact all of the steps I have listed in this opening paragraph for you are the same exact steps I have taken to write this paper you hold now. As I have previously stated, knowing the audience isn’t always as simple as knowing the group of people you are writing for. We will write a custom essay sample on The Academic Writting Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Everyone is their own person; even in groups of doctors some are old and have 30 years experience while some are fresh out of medical school. So just because you write a letter to doctors you cannot assume that all of their knowledge is 100% the same. Linda Flower gives 3 good criteria to take into account when scoping out your audience, knowledge, needs, and attitude. Don’t assume your audience knows everything you are going to talk about; you need to be able meet their needs and take any big ideas or lingo you use and bring it to their level. You also need to remember their attitude; certain words make people think a certain way. The word tropical for instance probably brings thoughts of palm trees, fruit drinks, and a beach to mind. Some people will view this as vacation while others will have distaste for sand and sunburn that may follow. Using these words may help you but you could also end up turning off readers so you should use them sparingly. Now that you know what you are writing about and who you are writing for the next step is a toughie, actually writing the paper. When I sat down to write this paper I was nervous, I wrote the first sentence 6 times before turning off my computer. I took a breath, calmed down and came back and started writing. Anne Lamott gives some great advice for both professional writers ike herself and begging writers like me: just write! Sit down and write whatever is on your mind, even if it seems silly or unneeded at the time. This is your first draft, your chance to give it everything; you and only you will read this version so have fun with it. Russell Baker gives similar advice in writing about something that gives you emotion. When you care about a subject the emotion flows through your paper and the audience will pick up on that. Once you have your completed â€Å"Shitty First Draft† in hand it’s time to sit down with pen and your paper and start reading through it trying to find your meaning and bringing that out. Donald Murray suggests starting with paragraphs, then lines and then words and weeding out ideas that don’t work. You may need to rewrite sentences that don’t fit the way you thought they did. Now is your chance to take the time to fix them up. Once you feel your words say what you want to get across is the time to stop fixing. Most authors could revise a single paper for the rest of their lives if they didn’t have cut off dates. It is important to feel good about your work, but also remember that nothing will ever be perfect for you so you don’t need to obsess. So though it may seem like a daunting task at first writing a good well thought out academic paper is a simple process to follow. Remember to keep the paper tailored to your audience so that they understand your work and keep it as open and informative as possible. Then just write your essay, your mind is the biggest problem to overcome and once you do the words will just flow. Finally go over your work until you are satisfied with the results and feel it is ready for your audience and gets your message across properly. Following the academic writing process will lead to a well written paper every time.

Crime Canada US essays

Crime Canada US essays Governments, academics, and journalists often express an interest in cross-national crime comparisons, particularly between Canada and the United States. This interest stems from the desire to discover causal explanations for crime and to develop more effective criminal justice and social policies (Archer Howard, Newman, Pridemore 2000). Unfortunately, methodological complexities have placed considerable barriers to such comparisons. Differences between national data sources, both for police reported and victimization surveys, have hampered accurate comparisons. Despite these divergent national data collection systems, the tendency has been to compare crime rates between countries with little or no attention to these limitations. Recently, the proliferation of the Internet has led to the growth in this type of misinformation. Recognizing the methodological hurdles, along with the benefits of comparing crime rates between Canada and the United States, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics has undertaken the task of assessing the feasibility of comparing police reported statistics between Canada and the United States. This report, which represents the first step of this study, compares and contrasts the specific offence definitions, classification, and scoring rules between the Canadian and American Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) surveys. Where applicable, this discussion notes modifications that could allow for reliable cross-national comparisons. Official crime statistics also have general limitations. Many crimes are never reported to or detected by police and consequently, police reported data under-estimates the amount of crime, especially for highly unreported crimes such as sexual assault. National household victimization surveys, including the American National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS), can estimate the amount of unreporte...

UN Millennium Development Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

UN Millennium Development Goals - Essay Example The targets set by United Nations are to ensure access to safe drinking water and safe sanitation mechanism to 50% population of the world by 2015. Moreover the resolution requires all the member countries of the United Nations to implement legislation to ensure sustainable development in all fields of technology in order to protect the environment for future generations (United Nations, 2011). Forests are deemed as natural lungs of the environment and are significantly important for ensuring consistency in carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the natural air. Despite various incentives and recommendations provided by the United Nations, during the decade 2000-2010 South America and Africa lost 3.4% and 4% of the forests respectively, however the rate of deforestation did not rise considerably because Asia gained 2.2% of its total forested area during the same period. Despite the global recession, the various industrial units and vehicles in the world added 30.1 billion metric tons carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in 2008, 1.7 percent more than 2007 (UNEP, 2008). The Montreal Protocol have been very successful in this regard because under this protocol, the use of most of the ozone depleting substances have been controlled and the ozone levels are on the rise, with scientists expecting them to reach pre-1980’s levels by the middle of the century (World Bank, 2008). Provision of clean drinking water is still one of the major concerns and the increasing unplanned urbanization is further aggravating the situation. According to recent estimates, only 20% of the people living in the cities of Africa have access to clean and safe drinking water. The targets of sanitation are also far from being achieved and 2.6 billion people in the world still lack improved sanitation facilities (United Nations Office of High Commissioner on Human

SS310 Final Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SS310 Final Project - Research Paper Example Assassination To begin with, some of the events that took place during this era were the assassination of many leaders in the U.S. For example, it was during this period that President John F. Kennedy was assassinated by two gunmen who short him several times (Anson, 1975). Findings upon investigation revealed that Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 due to political rivalry. Investigations regarding his murder revealed that senior people in government including the Vice president at the time and the former Cuban president conspired with the CIA, KBG, and the FBI to kill Kennedy (Maga, 2009). We discovered that the murder was a conspiracy when after digging several meters underground, we came across a report book by the U.S. House Select Committee on Assassination (HSCA) detailing the identities of those who conspired to assassinate Kennedy in a cold blood shooting. At the same time, we discovered an item detailing how Malcolm X, a religious leader, and American nationalist was assassin ated on stage by a rival Black Muslims group. The item reveals that, on 21 February 1965 while Malcolm X was addressing his Afro-American Unity organization at Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, New York, three men drawn from the Nation of Islam entered the room and immediately shot him while he was just about to start addressing the gathering (Breitman, Porter & Smith, 1991). He was pronounced dead on arrival to the nearby Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. In addition, the capsule reveals that the assassinations of Malcolm soon triggered revenge attacks from his followers against the Black Muslims that saw several Mosques belonging to the Black Muslims torched in San Francisco and Harlem (Maga, 2009). In fact, one of the items discovered and resembled are the remains of a Dome of a Mosque thought to have been buried underground after the incident. Another item found in relation to assassinations during the 1960s relates to how Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in the evening of April 4, 1968. King was a vocal civil rights activist and leader. He was very vocal in fighting for equality for the black Americans and other races that were being discriminated against in the U.S. (Maga, 2009). Because of his stand, he was assassinated by a stray bullet. Archeologists’ findings of his skull reveal that the bullet hit him on the right cheek before traveling through his neck and finally rested on this shoulder. Analysis of the bullet casket found buried underground reveals that it was a 0.30-caliber rifle bullet. Significance of Assassinations in Defining the 1960s The assassinations witnessed during this era are of great significance because it reminds many of the struggles that leaders such as Martin Luther King Junior, John F. Kennedy and Malcolm went through in an attempt to ensure that America becomes a good country to live in - one without discrimination based on color, race, nationality, religion or language. As a result, the assassinations of these le aders signify how insecure America was during the 1960. People risked their lives by voicing out their concerns. It also shows the extent to which impunity and racism was the order of the day during this period (Maga, 2009). Feminist Movement History tells us that American women in the 1960s were limited in almost everything. As such, they were only

E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

E-Commerce - Essay Example es between traditional markets and the international electronic marketplace-such as business capital size, among others-are slowly being narrowed down. The name of the game is strategic arrangement, the capability of an organization to establish emerging opportunities and make use of the required human capital skills (such as intellectual resources) to make the most of these opportunities through an e-business strategy that is straightforward, practical and realistic within the context of an international information environment and new economic situation. With its consequence of leveling the playing field, e-commerce joined with the suitable strategy and policy approach allows small and medium scale organizations to compete with large and capital-rich businesses (Turban, 1994). Business to Consumer commerce applies to any business or organization that sells its products or services to consumers over the Internet for their use. In other words, it presents a direct sale between the supplier and in the individual consumer. B2C commerce produced much publicity when it first took off. The first conspicuous achievement arrived around 1995, where organizations like â€Å"e-Bay.com† and â€Å"amazon.com† were launched. When the victory of these companies took off, many other replications were born. On the other hand, the market turned sour and many of the B2C organizations crashed, including Australian company â€Å"destore.com.au†. Business-to-Business engages online transactions between businesses. Examples of B2B comprise online organizations that concentrate in marketing strategies, advertising, email companies, internet consultants, website development etc. Also, as a subsidiary of these organizations, there are a variety of internet resources such as online magazines, as well as the â€Å"E-Commerce Times†and â€Å"BtoBOnline.com†. Consumer-to-Consumer or Peer-to-Peer is exchanges between/among consumers. These exchanges can engage a third-party participation, which

Academic Culture In Different Countries

Academic Culture In Different Countries Academic culture refers to the attitudes, values and ways of behaving that are shared by people who work or study in universities, for example, lecturers, researchers and students. (Brick, J, 2009, p.2) What constitutes academic culture is different for students who come from different cultural backgrounds? The academic culture is totally different for Malaysia and Australia. In Malaysia education, the teaching styles is more teacher-centered where teachers will be giving exactly all the information to students and students are not expected for give respond to teachers questions. It is called spoon-feeding learning styles in Malaysia. This learning style is very popular in Malaysia education because it makes the learning easier to students. Therefore, students dont need to find any extra information for their studies. However, the teaching styles for Australia education is based on student-centered. Australian students are expected to play an active role during tutorial. Students need to have an active participation in discussion with their peers. Besides, students are able to challenge to lecturer or tutor because they can express their opinion. In Malaysia, the education system is more exam-oriented. Therefore, spoon-feeding learning styles will make students only study for specific books or the notes that they get from teachers. Other than that, students will follow the instruction that given by teachers which is memorizing the notes and go for examination. In this approach, students dont understand the knowledge they learned. So, they cant become an active learner in the future. Conversely, Australian education system is more practical-oriented. They are focusing on student understanding. It is not just study everything without understanding the knowledge. Students are advised to voice out their opinion during discussion. It is a training program for them to become independent learners in the future. MCD 1510 Learning Studies (Task 2) Culture is an integral part of society. An individuals attitudes, values, beliefs, arts, ideals, modes of perception, and habits of thought are greatly influenced by the culture in which he or she lives. Every society has a different culture, where people who share their culture also share their attitudes, specific languages, behaviors, values, and traditions. It is easy to know the culture background for a person based on their attitudes and behaviors. For example, the common perception of Australians is that they are informal, open and direct and say what they mean. They call people by their first name and say please and thank you to be polite. They are allowed to call teachers by their first name, even though they are students. This showed that they believe that people should be treated in the same way and the principle of giving people a fair go. Conversely, most Chinese has a very formal culture when they talk to someone who has a higher status and older than themselves. They place their culture importance on hierarchy. They need to show their respect when talk to older people and people who has a higher status. Therefore, they call a persons whole name which is his or her first and last name together. Other than that, Chinese has a lot of etiquettes during meeting, gift giving and dinning. Besides, greetings are formal and important and the oldest person must be always greeted first. However, culture is not only about the different culture countries background. There is a culture named academic culture which is the culture of universities. Academic culture refers to the attitudes, values and ways of behaving that are shared by people who work or study in universities, for example, lecturers, researchers and students. New students have to learn new knowledge, new skills and new attitudes, values and ways of behaving; that is, they have to learn a new academic culture. Therefore, academic culture is unfamiliar to many students who come from different countries background. English-speaking universities are the universities who have used the language of English as an instruction. However, it is not necessary that those universities are sharing the same academic culture although they are teaching in English. One of the ideas for academic culture is there is more than one way to approach a problem. Scholars tried to find the most useful answer when they are approaches to a problem in different ways. Each scholar presents their ideas in the way that he or she does agree with and criticizes ideas that he or she does not agree with. This shown that there are many scholars in English-speaking universities believe academic knowledge develops. *dont understand the describe how many scholars in English-speaking universities believe academic knowledge develops. MCD 1510 Learning Studies (Task 3) Academic writing is a particular style of formal and expressive writing. In this form of writing, it should be third person, formally toned writing and precise words. Text 4 is another extract from an article on deforestation. There are several ways to show that this text is a piece of academic article. The purpose of Text 4 is to explain what happen after deforestation, so its tone is logical, rational and impersonal. It is logical because it outlines the happen after deforestation, so the reader can see the reasoning. Besides, it is rational because the article is based on evidence and research. It is important to use evidence and reasons in academic writing, because it shows whether the research is based on support or not support. Therefore, there is supporting arguments and facts for this article which the reader can check it. It is impersonal, because it is based on verifiable evidence not personal feelings. It is objective writing because the article is written in third person not first person. Other than that, it is a formal writing style because there is no slang, no abbreviation and complete sentences. Based on the referencing, it is an authoritative website by government. This means that it is the website which reader can trust the argument and facts for the article. There are one more features of academic arguments can be identified. An academic article has the strength and logical order of arguments. The information should be giving verifiable to support the discussion when writing an academic article. Besides, this article is using formal words for the writing. MCD 1510 Learning Studies (Task 4) There are some major features of academic culture in University life. One of the major features of academic culture in University life is student voice should come through when writing academic work. This means that excessive cutting and pasting other peoples ideas is not encouraged. It is so called plagiarism when students are cutting and pasting other peoples ideas in their assignment. Besides, student arguments need to be well supported to make their arguments stronger and avoid plagiarism. Otherwise, students are also expected to get the main ideas in other argument and critically evaluate the merit of argument. Other than that, student arguments need to be logical and evidence based. This means you have to remain objectives or impartial. Therefore, there is supporting arguments and facts for this article which the reader can check it. After that, students are advised to engage in wide reading. It brings out multiple perspectives which are different opinion and have a range of arguments to support the point of view. This means that ideas are no black or white.

The Dark Room :: essays research papers

The Book: Name: The Dark Room Author: R. K. Narayan Number of Pages: 214 Publisher: University of Chicago Press Date of Publication: January 1981 Classification: Fiction Summary: In the quiet town of Malgudi, in the 1930's, there lived Savitri and her husband, Ramani. They lived with their three children, Babu, Kamala, and Sumati. Savitri was raised with certain traditional values that came into internal conflict when she took Ramani, a modern executive, as her husband. Savitri has endured a lot of humiliations from her temperamental husband and she always puts up with his many tantrums. To find solace and escapism, she takes refuge in 'the dark room', a musty, unlit, storeroom in the house. But when Ramani takes on a beautiful new employer, Savitri finds out that her husband has more than a professional interest in the woman. So, at first, she tries to retreat to her dark room. But she realises that hiding in there won't help. So she tries to leave the house. She stayed with a friend in another village. But after staying there for some time, she can't help but think of her husband and their children. What would happen to them? After doing a lot of t hinking, she finally decides to go back home. In the end, Ramani has finally stopped seeing Shanta Bai, the other woman, and I guess you could say it's a happy ending. It's now up to you to go and guess the rest. Savitri is very much real. She is basically quite like most people. They treat problems like that. They find ways to escape it. Like booze, drugs, suicide, etc. In Servitor ¡Ã‚ ¯s case, she stays in the dark room, and finally, leaves her family. As I was reading "The Dark Room ¡Ã‚ ±, I felt compassion towards Savitri. I can clearly see that she was a confused woman. It was depicted through the first part of the story wherein her son was ill and she told Babu, her son, not to go to school that day. But Ramani intruded upon them and said that Babu has to go to school and that his illness is merely a headache. Savitri didn't know what to do then. She was concerned for Babu ¡Ã‚ ¯s health, but at the same time, she didn't want to argue with Ramani. In the end, Babu ha d gone off to school. As for Ramani, I felt like shouting at him while reading the novel because of his bullying.